CHAPTER 1 IN A NUTSHELL ...................................................................... 23
1.1 MAJOR FEATURES........................................................................ 24
Best Object Recognition and Subject Tracking Available........... 24
A Twistier and Flippier Display ................................................. 26
New Menus / Touch Menus ..................................................... 27
Touch Function Icons ............................................................... 29
New “Main” Menu Screen ....................................................... 30
“My Menu” and "My Dial" ...................................................... 31
Auto Framing .......................................................................... 32
LUTs! ...................................................................................... 32
Log Shooting Setting ............................................................... 34
S-Cinetone Color Profile....................................................... 34
Two ways to make Time Lapse Movies ................................ 35
S&Q (Slow and Quick) movie modes ........................................ 35
Focus Bracketing ..................................................................... 36
BULB Timer Settings ................................................................ 37
What is HEIF? ......................................................................... 38
Shot Marks and Divider Frames ............................................... 38
Anti-Flicker TV Scan................................................................. 39
USB Streaming ........................................................................ 40
Focus Map .............................................................................. 41
+/- 5 EV on Exposure Compensation ........................................ 42
Gigabit Ethernet via USB ......................................................... 42
“Soft Zoom” assignable to buttons .......................................... 42
4-channel audio recording................................................... 43
Tethered Shooting in Multiple Ways .................................... 43
Download Images While Your Camera’s Still In your Bag ..... 44
Bluetooth-based GPS Alternative ............................................. 44
Customization and Hidden Features ........................................ 45
Expanded Metering Modes ..................................................... 46
RAW + XFINE JPEGS................................................................. 47
1.1.5 Screen Reader ......................................................................... 47
Can shoot 2 Kinds of videos simultaneously ............................. 48
14-bit RAW ............................................................................. 48
vi Table of Contents
1.2 SOFTWARE................................................................................. 49
Imaging Edge Desktop Suite .................................................... 49
Creator’s App .......................................................................... 49
Capture One Express for Sony .................................................. 50
Catalyst Browse Software ....................................................... 50
Visual Story Software .............................................................. 50
A Script to Pull All Media Files Off of a Memory Card ............... 51
CHAPTER 2 ESSENTIAL CONFIGURATION ................................................. 55
2.1 MY PERSONAL CAMERA SETTINGS ................................................... 55
2.2 THE FN MENU ............................................................................ 85
2.3 VARIATIONS ON A THEME .............................................................. 86
Suggested Configuration for shooting Portraits ....................... 86
Suggested Configuration for Landscapes ................................. 87
Suggested Configuration for shooting Sports ........................... 88
Suggested Configuration for Shooting Kids and Pets ................ 89
Suggested Configuration for Video .......................................... 90
Suggested Configuration for Legacy Glass ............................... 91
2.4 MY BUTTON ASSIGNMENTS ........................................................... 91
2.5 MY “MY MENU” CONFIGURATION .................................................. 93
2.6 BACK BUTTON FOCUS SUGGESTIONS ................................................ 94
2.7 JUST PICK TWO ........................................................................... 96
2.8 WHAT'S INCOMPATIBLE WITH RAW? ............................................... 97
CHAPTER 3 A QUICK GUIDE FOR THE IMPATIENT .................................. 101
3.1 NAMES OF PARTS ...................................................................... 101
3.2 WAYS TO NAVIGATE................................................................... 104
3.3 NEW TOUCHSCREEN OPERATIONS ................................................. 104
3.4 BUILT-IN HELP GUIDE ................................................................. 105
3.5 “INTELLIGENT AUTO” ................................................................. 106
My Image Style ..................................................................... 108
3.6 EXPOSURE MODE DIALS .............................................................. 110
3.7 TWO DIFFERENT WAYS OF DOING PROGRAM SHIFT ........................... 112
3.8 THE FN BUTTON........................................................................ 115
3.9 FOCUSING ESSENTIALS ................................................................ 115
Different Ways of Specifying a Focus Point ............................ 118
Subject Recognition............................................................... 118
Touch Screen Operation ........................................................ 120
Touch Focus with LCD............................................................ 122
Table of Contents vii
Touch Focusing using the EVF ................................................ 123
The Focus Area Setting (including “Tracking”)........................ 124
Quickly Switching between Wide Area AF and Spot AF ........... 126
Focus Confirmation ............................................................... 127
3.10 THE FOCUS MODE ..................................................................... 129
3.11 DRIVE MODE............................................................................ 131
Single-Shot Advance ......................................................... 131
Continuous Advance (4 speeds) ......................................... 131
Self-Timers ........................................................................ 132
Continuous and Single Bracket .......................................... 133
What exactly changes when you bracket? ......................... 135
Focus Bracket ................................................................... 136
White Balance Bracketing ................................................. 139
DRO Bracketing ................................................................ 139
Self-Timer During Bracket ................................................. 140
3.12 METERING MODES .................................................................... 140
3.13 METHODS OF CUSTOMIZING ........................................................ 141
3.14 CONFIGURING THE DISPLAY ......................................................... 141
3.15 FLASH ..................................................................................... 144
3.16 THINGS YOU PROBABLY DIDN’T KNOW ABOUT PLAYBACK MODE........... 145
3.17 PLAYING BACK A BURST ............................................................... 148
3.18 QUICK GUIDE FOR VIDEO ............................................................ 149
3.19 SHOOTING TETHERED(LY) ............................................................ 151
3.20 REMOTE TRIGGERING METHODS ................................................... 154
3.21 SONY LENS NOMENCLATURE ........................................................ 154
3.22 VIEWFINDER EYEPIECE DIOPTER CORRECTION ................................... 156
3.23 IF YOU’RE USED TO SHOOTING NIKON ............................................ 157
3.24 IF YOU’RE USED TO SHOOTING CANON ........................................... 159
3.25 IF YOU’RE USED TO SHOOTING SONY ............................................... 159
3.26 SCREEN ICON GLOSSARY.............................................................. 160
CHAPTER 4 CONNECTIVITY .................................................................... 167
4.1 SETTING THINGS UP – SMARTPHONE FUNCTIONS .............................. 167
Install and Pair with Sony’s Creators’ App .............................. 167
Adding Encryption to your Smartphone connection (optional) 170
4.2 TRANSFERRING AN IMAGE TO YOUR SMARTPHONE ............................ 172
Starting the process from your Phone .................................... 173
4.3 REMOTE SHOOTING ON A SMARTPHONE ......................................... 175
4.4 CONNECTING TO AN ACCESS POINT ................................................ 179
viii Table of Contents
4.5 UPLOAD TO DESKTOP VIA THE PC REMOTE FUNCTION ........................ 182
USB cable.............................................................................. 182
Wi-Fi Access Point ................................................................. 183
Wi-Fi Direct ........................................................................... 184
Encrypting your Wi-Fi Connections ........................................ 186
4.6 GEOTAGGING YOUR IMAGES VIA YOUR SMARTPHONE .......................... 186
Setting up Bluetooth / Geo-Tag feature ................................. 187
How do I see the geo-tagged Coordinates? ............................ 188
4.7 UPLOADING VIA THE TRANSFER AND TAGGING APP ............................ 190
CHAPTER 5 THE “SHOOTING” MENUS.................................................... 193
5.1 IMAGE QUALITY/REC.................................................................. 193
JPEG/HEIF Switch ................................................. 193
(Image) File Format ............................................. 195
RAW File Type ...................................................... 196
JPEG Quality / HEIF Quality .................................. 198
JPEG Image Size / HEIF Image Size ........................ 201
Aspect Ratio ......................................................... 203
(Movie) File Format ............................................. 205
Movie Settings ..................................................... 206
Slow and Quick Settings ....................................... 207
Time-Lapse Settings ......................................... 211
Log Shooting Setting ........................................ 213
Proxy Settings .................................................. 214
Long Exposure NR ............................................ 216
Hi ISO NR ......................................................... 217
HLG Still Image ................................................ 219
Color Space ...................................................... 220
Lens Compensation .......................................... 223
Shading ............................................................................ 224
Chromatic Aberration ....................................................... 224
Distortion ......................................................................... 225
Breathing Compensation ................................................... 227
5.2 MEDIA ................................................................... 228
Format ................................................................. 228
Table of Contents ix
Recover Image DB ................................................ 229
Display Media Info. .............................................. 230
5.3 FILE ....................................................................................... 231
File/Folder Settings .............................................. 231
Select RECording Folder ........................................ 237
Create New Folder ............................................... 237
Copyright Info ...................................................... 238
Write Serial Number ............................................. 240
File Settings ......................................................... 241
5.4 SHOOTING MODE ...................................................................... 244
Auto/Scene Selection ............................................... 244
(S&Q) Time-Lapse Shoot Mode ............................ 251
Recall Camera Setting .......................................... 252
Camera Setting Memory ...................................... 254
Register Custom Shooting Set ............................... 259
5.5 DRIVE MODE ........................................................... 262
Drive Mode .......................................................... 262
Bracket Settings ................................................... 262
Interval Shoot Function ........................................ 263
5.6 SHUTTER/SILENT ....................................................................... 268
Some Background ................................................................. 268
Silent Mode Settings............................................. 272
Shutter Type ........................................................ 274
e-Front Curtain Shutter ........................................ 276
Release w/o Lens.................................................. 278
Release w/o Card ................................................. 279
Tools to Help Prevent Banding from Flickering Lights ............. 279
5.7 AUDIO RECORDING ................................................... 284
Audio Recording ................................................... 284
Audio Recording Level .......................................... 285
Audio Out Timing ................................................. 286
Wind Noise Reduction .......................................... 286
Mi Shoe Audio Setting .......................................... 288
x Table of Contents
5.8 TC/UB .................................................................. 289
Introduction .......................................................................... 289
Time Code Preset ................................................. 289
User Bit Preset ..................................................... 289
Time Code Format ................................................ 291
Time Code Run ..................................................... 292
Time Code Make .................................................. 292
User Bit Time Rec ................................................. 293
5.9 IMAGE STABILIZATION................................................................. 293
(Image) SteadyShot .............................................. 293
(Movies) SteadyShot ............................................ 296
SteadyShot Adjustments ....................................... 298
Focal Length......................................................... 299
5.10 ZOOM .................................................................... 300
Zoom ............................................................... 300
Zoom Range ..................................................... 301
Custom Key Zoom Speed .................................. 305
Remote Zoom Speed (for Bluetooth Remote
Commander) ..................................................................................... 306
5.11 SHOOTING DISPLAY .................................................................... 306
Grid Line Display .............................................. 306
Grid Line Type .................................................. 307
Live View Display Settings ................................ 308
Emphasized RECord display .............................. 310
5.12 MARKER DISPLAY...................................................... 311
5.13 SHOOTING OPTION ................................................... 313
(Movie) Self Timer ........................................... 313
Auto Framing Settings ...................................... 314
CHAPTER 6 THE “EXPOSURE/COLOR" MENUS ....................................... 319
6.1 EXPOSURE............................................................... 319
BULB Timer Settings ............................................. 319
Auto Slow Shutter ................................................ 320
Table of Contents xi
ISO ....................................................................... 321
ISO Range Limit .................................................... 322
ISO AUTO Min. SS ................................................. 323
6.2 EXPOSURE COMP ...................................................... 325
Exposure Comp. ................................................... 325
Exposure Step ...................................................... 326
Exposure Standard Adjust ..................................... 328
6.3 METERING ............................................................................... 330
Metering Mode .................................................... 330
Face Priority in Multi-Metering ............................. 339
Spot Metering Point ............................................. 340
AEL w/ Shutter ..................................................... 341
6.4 FLASH .................................................................... 342
Flash Mode .......................................................... 342
Flash Compensation ............................................. 347
Exposure Compensation setting ............................ 348
Wireless Flash ...................................................... 349
Red Eye Reduction ................................................ 350
External Flash Settings ......................................... 351
Register. Flash Shooting Settings ......................... 355
6.5 WHITE BALANCE ....................................................................... 358
White Balance ...................................................... 358
Priority Setting in Auto White Balance .................. 367
Shutter AWB Lock ................................................ 368
Shockless WB ...................................................... 370
6.6 COLOR/TONE .......................................................... 370
D-Range Optimizer ............................................... 370
Creative Look ....................................................... 372
Picture Profile ...................................................... 383
Select LUT ............................................................ 392
Manage User LUTs ............................................... 393
Soft Skin Effect ..................................................... 394
6.7 ZEBRA DISPLAY ......................................................... 396
xii Table of Contents
Zebra Display ....................................................... 396
Zebra Level........................................................... 398
CHAPTER 7 “FOCUS” MENU ITEMS ........................................................ 401
7.1 AF/MF .................................................................................. 401
Focus Mode ......................................................... 401
Priority Set in AF-S / AF-C ..................................... 404
AF Tracking Sensitivity .......................................... 405
AF Illuminator ...................................................... 406
Aperture Drive in AF ............................................. 408
AF w/ shutter ....................................................... 409
Full Time DMF ..................................................... 411
Pre-AF .................................................................. 412
AF Transition Speed .............................................. 412
AF Subject Shift Sensitivity ................................ 413
AF Assist .......................................................... 414
7.2 FOCUS AREA ............................................................................ 415
Focus Area ........................................................... 415
Focus Area Limit ................................................... 418
Switch V/H AF Area .............................................. 419
Focus Area Color .................................................. 421
AF Area Registration ............................................ 421
Delete Registered AF Area .................................... 423
AF Area Auto Clear ............................................... 424
Area Display During Tracking ............................... 424
AF-C Area Display ................................................. 425
Phase Detection Area ....................................... 426
Circulation Of Focus Point ................................ 427
AF Frame Move Amount ................................... 427
7.3 SUBJECT RECOGNITION ............................................................... 428
Subject Recog In AF .............................................. 428
Recognition Target ............................................... 429
Recognition Target Select Setting ......................... 433
Table of Contents xiii
Right/Left Eye Select ............................................ 434
Subject Recognition Frame Display ....................... 434
Face Memory ....................................................... 435
Register Faces Priority .......................................... 437
7.4 FOCUS ASSISTANT...................................................................... 438
Focus Map ........................................................... 438
Auto Magnifier in MF ........................................... 439
Focus Magnifier ................................................... 439
Focus Magnification Time..................................... 442
Initial Focus Magnification ................................... 443
AF in Focus Magnifier ........................................... 444
Initial Focus Magnification ............................. 445
7.5 PEAKING DISPLAY...................................................... 445
CHAPTER 8 THE “PLAYBACK” MENU SETTINGS ...................................... 449
8.1 PLAYBACK TARGET .................................................... 449
View Mode ........................................................... 449
8.2 MAGNIFICATION ....................................................... 450
Enlarge Image ...................................................... 450
Enlarge Initial Magnification ................................ 451
Enlarge Initial Position.......................................... 451
8.3 SELECTION / MEMO .................................................. 452
Protect ................................................................. 452
Rating .................................................................. 453
Rating Set(Custom Key) ........................................ 456
8.4 DELETE ................................................................... 456
Delete .................................................................. 456
Delete pressing twice ........................................... 458
Delete Confirmation ............................................. 459
8.5 EDIT ...................................................................... 460
Crop ..................................................................... 460
Rotate .................................................................. 461
Photo Capture ...................................................... 462
xiv Table of Contents
JPEG/HEIF Switch ................................................. 464
8.6 VIEWING ................................................................ 465
Continuous Play for Interval ................................. 465
Play Speed for Interval.......................................... 466
Slide show ............................................................ 467
8.7 PLAYBACK OPTION .................................................... 471
Image Index ......................................................... 471
Display as Group .................................................. 472
Display Rotation ................................................... 472
Focus Frame Display ............................................. 474
Display Specified Time Image ............................... 475
Image Jump Setting .............................................. 476
CHAPTER 9 NETWORK MENU ................................................................ 479
9.1 SMARTPHONE CONNECT/PC REMOTE ............................ 479
Smartphone Connection ....................................... 480
PC Remote Function .............................................................. 482
Select on Camera and Send .................................. 483
Reset Transfer Status ........................................... 485
Connect While Power Off...................................... 485
Remote Shoot Setting ........................................... 489
9.2 STREAMING ............................................................................. 490
Output Res/Frame Rate ........................................ 493
Movie Recording During Streaming ...................... 495
9.3 WI-FI .................................................................... 496
Wi-Fi Connect ....................................................... 496
WPS Push ............................................................. 496
Access Point Settings ............................................ 497
Wi-Fi Frequency Band........................................... 497
Display Wi-Fi Information ..................................... 499
SSID / Password Reset .......................................... 500
9.4 BLUETOOTH ............................................................................. 501
Bluetooth Function .............................................. 501
Table of Contents xv
Pairing ................................................................ 501
Manage Paired Devices ....................................... 502
Bluetooth Remote Control .................................... 502
Display Device Address ........................................ 503
9.5 WIRED LAN ............................................................ 504
IP Address Setting ................................................ 504
Display wired LAN Info. ........................................ 504
9.6 USB-LAN/TETHERING ............................................................... 505
USB-LAN Connection ............................................ 505
Tethering Connection ........................................... 505
9.7 NETWORK OPTION .................................................... 506
Airplane Mode ..................................................... 506
Edit Device Name ................................................. 507
Access Authen. Settings ........................................ 508
Access Authen. Info .............................................. 509
Reset Network Set. ............................................... 510
CHAPTER 10 THE “SETUP” (TOOLBOX ICON) MENU SETTINGS ................. 513
10.1 AREA/DATE............................................................. 513
Language ......................................................... 513
Area/Date/Time Setting ................................... 513
NTSC/PAL Selector............................................ 514
10.2 RESET/SAVE SETTINGS ............................................... 515
Setting Reset .................................................... 515
Save/Load Settings ........................................... 516
10.3 OPERATION CUSTOMIZE ............................................. 517
(Images) Custom Key/Dial Setting .................... 517
(Movie) Custom Key/Dial Setting ...................... 545
(Playback) Custom Key Setting ......................... 559
Function Menu Settings .................................... 562
Different Settings for Stills / Movies .................. 563
DISPlay (Screen Display) Settings ..................... 564
(Movie) Rec w/ Shutter .................................... 565
xvi Table of Contents
Zoom Ring Rotate ............................................ 565
10.4 DIAL CUSTOMIZE ...................................................... 567
(Images) Custom Key/Dial Setting .................... 567
(Movies) Custom Key/Dial Set. .......................... 567
My Dial Settings ............................................... 568
Av/Tv Rotate .................................................... 570
Dial/Wheel Lock ............................................... 571
10.5 TOUCH OPERATION ................................................... 572
Touch Operation .............................................. 572
Touch Panel / Pad ............................................ 573
Touch Panel Setings .......................................................... 574
Touch Pad Settings ........................................... 576
10.6 ACCESSIBILITY .......................................................... 577
Screen Reader .................................................. 577
10.7 FINDER/MONITOR .................................................... 578
Select Finder/Monitor ...................................... 578
Monitor Brightness .......................................... 579
Viewfinder Brightness ...................................... 580
Finder Color temp. ........................................... 581
Display Quality ................................................. 581
Finder Frame Rate ............................................ 582
Monitor Flip Direction ..................................... 583
10.8 DISPLAY OPTION ....................................................... 584
TC/UB Disp. Setting .......................................... 584
Gamma Display Assist / Gamma Display Assist
Type 585
Display LUT ...................................................... 586
(Images) Remain Shoot Display ........................ 587
(Images) Auto Review ...................................... 588
Shoot Mode Select Screen ................................ 589
10.9 POWER SETTING OPTION ............................................ 590
Auto Monitor OFF ............................................ 590
Power Save Start Time ..................................... 591
Table of Contents xvii
Power Save by Monitor .................................... 592
Auto Power OFF Temp. ..................................... 593
10.10 SOUND OPTION ........................................................ 594
Volume Settings ............................................... 594
(Movie) 4ch Audio Monitoring .......................... 595
Audio Signals ................................................... 596
10.11 USB ...................................................................... 597
USB Connection Mode ...................................... 597
USB LUN Setting ............................................... 598
USB Power Supply ............................................ 599
10.12 EXTERNAL OUTPUT.................................................... 601
HDMI Resolution .............................................. 601
HDMI Output Settings ...................................... 602
HDMI Information Display ................................ 603
Control FOR HDMI ............................................ 604
10.13 SETUP OPTION ......................................................... 605
Video Light Mode ............................................. 605
Sensor Cleaning................................................ 606
Auto Pixel Mapping / Pixel Mapping ................. 608
Version ............................................................ 609
Display Serial Number ...................................... 610
Privacy Notice .................................................. 610
CHAPTER 11 MY MENU / MAIN MENU .................................................... 613
11.1 MY MENU ............................................................................... 613
11.2 MAIN MENU ............................................................................ 615
CHAPTER 12 VIDEO TOPICS ..................................................................... 617
12.1 VIDEO NOMENCLATURE SIMPLIFIED ............................................... 618
What is 4:2:2?................................................................... 619
How Can I Choose The Best Setting? .................................. 620
12.2 MISC. TIDBITS WHEN SHOOTING VIDEO........................................... 622
12.3 SLOW-MOTION VIDEOS – 2 WAYS ................................................ 623
The in-camera way ........................................................... 623
The higher quality way (Slowdown only)............................ 623
xviii Table of Contents
12.4 S-LOG3 AND S-CINETONE PRIMER ................................................. 624
The Gamma Curves ........................................................... 624
Gamma Curve Nomenclature ............................................ 626
HDTVs have Much Less Dynamic Range ............................. 626
S-Log3 .............................................................................. 627
Grading ............................................................................ 630
LUTs ................................................................................. 631
12.5 SHOOTING 2 VIDEO FORMATS AT ONCE.......................................... 632
12.6 PLAYING BACK VIDEOS ................................................................ 633
12.7 EXTERNAL MICROPHONES ........................................................... 634
12.8 MONITORING VIDEO AND AUDIO .................................................. 637
12.9 IMPORTING YOUR FILES TO YOUR COMPUTER ................................... 639
CHAPTER 13 WIRELESS FLASH AND ADVANCED FLASH TOPICS ................ 641
13.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 641
13.2 FLASH MODELS ......................................................................... 644
13.3 BOUNCE FLASH ......................................................................... 647
Diffusing your Light ........................................................... 649
13.4 WIRELESS FLASH ....................................................................... 650
13.5 RADIO WIRELESS FLASH .............................................................. 656
Pairing the Radio Flashes .................................................. 657
13.6 AS SIMPLE AS IT GETS ................................................................ 659
13.7 RATIO LIGHTING ........................................................................ 661
13.8 GROUPS AND CHANNELS ............................................................. 663
13.9 WILL THE CONTROL BURSTS AFFECT EXPOSURE? ............................... 665
13.10 MANUAL FLASH MODE ............................................................... 667
To Put the F60 Into Manual Slave Mode ............................ 668
To put the F43 into Manual Slave mode ............................ 668
13.11 A PORTABLE STUDIO SETUP ......................................................... 669
13.12 HIGH SPEED SYNC (HSS) FLASH .................................................... 672
How HSS works ................................................................. 674
How to Activate HSS ......................................................... 676
13.13 TO PROBE FURTHER ................................................................... 677
CHAPTER 14 DIGITAL IMAGING TOPICS ................................................... 679
14.1 AN INTRODUCTION TO RAW ........................................................ 679
14.2 THE BAYER FILTER AND DEMOSAICING ............................................ 682
14.3 HOW YOUR CAMERA CREATES A JPG............................................. 687
14.4 RAW, TIF, AND JPG COMPARED .................................................. 689
Table of Contents xix
14.5 JPG COMPRESSION ARTIFACTS ..................................................... 692
14.6 ANY OTHER UPSIDES TO SHOOTING .JPG? ...................................... 695
14.7 IMAGE SIZE AND RESOLUTION ....................................................... 696
CHAPTER 15 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES .................................................... 699
15.1 MEMORY CARDS ....................................................................... 699
Memory Card Corruption Issues ........................................ 700
15.2 A6700 FACEBOOK GROUP .......................................................... 701
15.3 3RD PARTY BATTERIES ................................................................. 701
15.4 BLUETOOTH REMOTE ................................................................. 703
15.5 SCREEN PROTECTORS ................................................................. 703
15.6 UPSELLS .................................................................................. 704
Books on Other Cameras ................................................... 704
An Introduction to Sony’s Wireless Flash (video) ................ 704
Ways to ‘Wow!’ with Wireless Flash .................................. 705
Cameracraft Magazine ..................................................... 705
The Friedman Archives Blog .............................................. 707
Consulting – One-on-One Camera Help ............................. 708
The Road to China ............................................................. 708
The Maui Xaphoon ............................................................ 709
The Friedman Archives Seminars ....................................... 710
15.7 EPILOGUE ................................................................................ 713
APPENDIX A A CONDENSED GUIDE TO THE BASICS.................................. 715
A.1 SHUTTER SPEEDS ....................................................................... 715
A.2 F/STOPS ................................................................................. 716
A.3 ISO........................................................................................ 718
A.4 FOCAL LENGTH ......................................................................... 719
A.5 TRADEOFFS .............................................................................. 719
A.6 PROGRAM SHIFT ....................................................................... 720
A.7 USING A GREY CARD TO NAIL EXPOSURE AND WHITE BALANCE ............ 721
A.8 THE HISTOGRAM DISPLAY ............................................................ 723
Brightness range, sensors, and the human eye ................................... 723
Using the Histogram for a finer degree of control ............................... 726
A.9 THE “SECRETS” OF LIGHT AND COMPOSITION ................................... 733
A.10 WRITING WITH LIGHT ................................................................. 733
A.11 COMPOSITION – THE RULE OF THIRDS ............................................ 736
Out of place shot ............................................................................... 738
Texture .............................................................................................. 738
xx Table of Contents
Classical Portrait................................................................................ 740
Environmental Portrait ...................................................................... 740
“Hey, Look at Me!” ............................................................................ 740
APPENDIX B USING LEGACY GLASS .......................................................... 743
B.1 ESSENTIAL STUFF – READ THIS FIRST .............................................. 744
B.1.1 For Manual Focus Lenses ...................................................... 744
B.1.2 For Autofocus Lenses ............................................................ 746
B.2 A SHORT LIST OF THE MOST POPULAR ADAPTERS .............................. 747
B.2.1 Sony / Minolta A-mount Lenses ............................................. 748
B.2.2 M42 / Pentax Screw Mount ................................................... 749
B.2.3 Leica M / Zeiss ZM ................................................................ 749
B.2.4 Leica R .................................................................................. 750
B.2.5 Canon EF (EOS) ..................................................................... 751
B.2.6 Canon FD .............................................................................. 753
B.2.7 Nikon .................................................................................... 753
B.2.8 Pentax .................................................................................. 756
B.2.9 Minolta MC/MD.................................................................... 756
B.2.10 Olympus OM ..................................................................... 757
B.2.11 Micro Four-Thirds Lenses .................................................. 757
B.2.11 Contax .............................................................................. 758
B.2.12 Sony E-mount lenses ......................................................... 760
APPENDIX C A “COOKBOOK” FOR SPECIAL SHOOTING SITUATIONS ........ 763
C.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 763
C.2 STREET PHOTOGRAPHY ............................................................... 764
C.3 FIREWORKS .............................................................................. 765
C.4 ARTISTIC WATERFALLS ................................................................ 766
C.5 STAGE PERFORMANCES / ROCK CONCERTS ...................................... 767
C.6 NIGHTTIME TIME EXPOSURES ....................................................... 768
C.7 SHOOTING IN SNOW .................................................................. 769
C.8 OUTDOOR GROUP PORTRAITS ...................................................... 770
C.9 SUNSETS AND SILHOUETTES ......................................................... 771
C.10 NIGHTTIME SPORTS ................................................................... 772
C.11 CHRISTMAS LIGHTS .................................................................... 773
C.12 PRODUCT SHOTS ....................................................................... 774
C.13 CANDLELIGHT SHOTS .................................................................. 775
C.14 STAR TRAILS ............................................................................. 776
Table of Contents xxi
APPENDIX D TIP CARDS FOR YOUR SMARTPHONE .................................. 779
INDEX ..................................................................................................... 781